【專訪】楊一包養價格慶中：《周易》與中國哲學（上）

Insurance amountChina Social Science Network:The Book of ChangesThere is a chance to rest. During her nap, she had a dream. What kind of book is it? How valuable is it in the history of Chinese academic thinking?

Yang Qingzhong:The Book of Changes is a book with the most hands and the longest compilation time. “Han Shu” says that “the three saints of man are changed, and the world is passed down from three ancient times.” The three saints are Mi Xi, King Wen and Confucius. The Confucian scholars of the Han Dynasty added Zhou Gong, which was the “Four Saints”. Shinshu Mi Xi painted the Eight Trigrams, providing civilized resources for the creation of the “Book of Changes”. King Wen emphasized the Eight Trigrams as the Sixty-Four Trigrams and built a symbol system for the “Book of Changes”. King Wen had already had a heavy hexagram before, so King Wen should have made new settings for the hexagram order of the sixty-four hexagrams on the basis of the existing heavy hexagrams. Zhou Gong’s contribution is the sixty-four hexagram symbol system, the hexagram and line line. During his political period, Duke Zhou had a large handwritten calligraphy in civilized construction, which was “making gifts and music”, which perfected the symbol system left by his father, and was tied to the hexagram and line. It was one of the contents of “making gifts and music”. Finally, Confucius wrote “Yi Ji”. “Yi Ji” is the earliest work that can be seen in today’s dynasty that explains the “Zhou Yi”. If there were no “Yi Ji”, the ancients would not be able to understand the book “Zhou Yi” based on the basics. In this way, the Book of Changes is a work that has been completed by several generations of saints over thousands of years.

Regarding the value of the “Book of Changes” in the history of Chinese academic thinking, the late famous historian, Mr. Li Xueqin, has a saying that is worth referring to. Teacher Li said in the Preface written by a book about Yixue, “Now teachers have recognized the main and need of inheriting and developing the excellent traditional civilization of the Chinese ethnic group. To inherit and develop traditional civilization of the Chinese ethnic group, we must trace its origin and explore its most basic foundation. The academic connotation of traditional civilization of the Chinese ethnic group , which is what I call national studies. The scope of national studies is also very broad, but from a historical perspective, it is the one I have replied to say in recent years that I have repented that “the mainstream of national studies is Confucianism, and the focus of Confucianism is indigenous”. Here I would like to add another sentence: ‘The crown of learning is Yixue’. “Mr. Li’s words are very interesting, and they are also in the traditional Chinese study “ZhouBaoqingYi” is the first of its kind to be different from the perspectives. From this meaning, the “Book of Changes” is the focus of modern Chinese academic focus, and there is no more focus than it.

Precisely because it is the focus, it is also a philosophy textbook for intellectuals in modern times. Lao Tzu should have studied the “Book of Changes”. Confucius liked the “Book of Changes” in history. In the academic era, almost all accomplished intellectuals were Yi scholars, and there were a few examples, such as Dong Zhongshu, who studied with Gongyang.but also an Yi scholar. Zhang Heng, who is very knowledgeable about geometry, is an Yi scholar and has also written articles on Yi scholarship. Wang Bi during the Wei Dynasty was a young Yi scholar. His “Book of Changes” has had a great impact on history. The mathematician Zu Yuzhi is an Yi scholar. The European and Yang Xiu in the Song Dynasty was a historian and Yi scholar. He wrote a book called “Yi Ruzi Question”, which had a great influence in the Japanese period. Guo Moruo, Gu Jian and others have used some of the views in “Yi Ruzi Question” to doubt the relationship between “Yi Ruzi Question” and Confucius. In addition to European and Yang repairs, Su Zhi wrote “Dongpo Yishu”. As for the Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty, it is not to mention that they are all first-class masters. Cai Bao for a MonthCheng Yizi wrote a book – “Cheng Yi Ji”, which has a great impact on science. Others like Zhu Xi and Liu Jiufeng from the Southern Song Dynasty were also Yi scholars. Zhu Xi wrote “The Original Idioms of the Zhou Yi” and “The Avatar of the Yi”, which are both very influential works. Although Liu Jiufeng was not specialized in Yi Xue, he mentioned the “Zhou Yi” in his collection of books. Wang Yangming in the mid-Ming Dynasty read the “Book of Changes” and realized it… In short, from Laozi to the common people, almost all philosophers were Yi scholars.

In fact, when studying, from a more extensive perspective of civilization, we can also discuss the value of the Book of Changes through a passage from the “Four Library Complete Books”: “The Yi Dao is vast and has nothing to do with it, and it includes geography, geography, geography, rituals, military books, learning, and calculations. To catch fire outside the area, we can all use the “Yi” to describe it, and those who like to be different. The meaning of this passage is to say that the matters and principles included in the Book of Changes are very broad and large, and they are not included. The mainstream (school) notes are no longer mentioned, such as geography, geography, rituals, military books, scholastics, and calculus, so that the feathers’ elixirs can all be “schooled by the Book of Changes”, that is, they can all be explained by the theory of the Book of Changes. What does this mean? It explains that the “Book of Changes” is the philosophical foundation and theoretical foundation of Chinese traditional civilization. Therefore, in modern times, all walks of life have learned the “Book of Changes”. The philosophical foundation of Chinese traditional civilization, the focus of Chinese traditional science, and the philosophy teaching and science books of modern Chinese intellectuals, are enough to explain the value of the “Book of Changes” in the history of Chinese academic thinking.

China Social Science Network:The Book of Changes has such high academic value, why do many people regard the Book of Changes as a “book of divination”?

Yang Qingzhong:The “Book of Changes” is originally divinationHowever, the divination of the three dynasties is the mainstream conception and form, and is one of the main references for the emperor’s decision. The “Reading and Doubt” clause in “Shang Shu·Hong Fan” is very clear now. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, divination was in charge of historians and served the emperor. When I was studying in the government at that time, only the nobles had the opportunity to be taught. This situation changed a lot in the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty,